Federal Tax Bracket Calculator (2025)
See exactly how your income is taxed across federal tax brackets. Compare your effective vs. marginal tax rate, view your bracket-by-bracket breakdown, and understand how much you owe for 2025.
Bracket Breakdown
| Rate | Income in Bracket | Tax from Bracket | Cumulative Tax |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $11,926 | $1,193 | $1,193 |
| 12% | $36,550 | $4,386 | $5,579 |
| 22% | $11,524 | $2,535 | $8,114 |
2025 federal income tax brackets. State taxes not included.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Your marginal tax rate is the rate on your last dollar of income — the bracket you're in. Your effective tax rate is the actual percentage of your total income that goes to taxes. Because the U.S. uses progressive brackets, your effective rate is always lower than your marginal rate.
How do tax brackets work?
The U.S. uses a progressive tax system. You don't pay your marginal rate on all your income — only on the portion that falls within each bracket. For example, a single filer earning $60,000 pays 10% on the first $11,925, 12% on the next $36,550, and 22% on the remaining $11,525.
What is the standard deduction for 2025?
For 2025, the standard deduction is $15,000 for single filers, $30,000 for married filing jointly, $15,000 for married filing separately, and $22,500 for head of household. Most taxpayers benefit from taking the standard deduction rather than itemizing.
Does this include state taxes?
This calculator shows federal income tax only. State income taxes vary widely — some states have no income tax (Florida, Texas, Nevada), while others have rates up to 13%+ (California). Your total tax burden is federal + state + FICA (Social Security and Medicare).
How can I lower my tax bill?
Common strategies include maximizing pre-tax retirement contributions (401k, Traditional IRA), using Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), harvesting investment losses, timing income and deductions, and taking advantage of tax credits. Cash Flow Explorer covers these in detail.